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Publications – Bruce McLellan

Last updated on January 30, 2024

This researcher no longer works for the B.C. Government.

Publications

Research papers listed in order of publication date.

2016 to 2020:

2018:

  • Proctor, M. F., B. N. McLellan, G. B. Stenhouse, G. Mowat, C. T. Lamb, and M. Boyce. 2018. Resource Roads and Grizzly Bears in British Columbia and Alberta. Canadian Grizzly Bear Management Series, Resource Road Management. Trans-border Grizzly Bear Project. Kaslo, BC. Canada.
  • McLellan, B. N., G. Mowat and C. T. Lamb. 2018. Estimating Unrecorded Human-Caused Mortalities of Grizzly Bears in the Flathead Valley, British Columbia, Canada. PeerJ 6:e5781. DOI 10.7717/peerj.5781
  • Lamb, C. T., G. Mowat, A. Reid, L. Smit, M. Proctor, B. N. McLellan, S. E. Nielsen, S. Boutin. 2018. Effects of habitat quality and access management on the density of a recovering grizzly bear population. Journal of Applied Ecology: 2018; 00:1406-1417.
  • Hatter, I. W., G. Mowat and B. N. McLellan. In Press. Using Statistical population reconstruction to evaluate grizzly bear population trends in British Columbia, Canada. Ursus.

2017:

  • Serrouya, R., B. N. McLellan, H. van Oort, G. Mowat, S. Boutin, 2017. Experimental moose reduction lowers wolf density and stops decline of endangered caribou. PeerJ e3108v1. DOI 10.7717/peerj.3736
  • Lamb, C. T., G. Mowat, B. N. McLellan, S. E. Neilsen, S. Boutin, 2017. Forbidden fruit: Human settlement and abundant fruit create an ecological trap for an apex omnivore. Journal of Applied Ecology 86:55-65. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12589
  • Lamb, C. T., G. Mowat, S. Gilbert, B. N. McLellan, S. E. Nielsen, S. Boutin, 2017. Density-dependent signaling: An alternative hypothesis on the function of chemical signaling in a non-territorial solitary carnivore. PLos ONE 12(10) e0184176.

2016:

  • McLellan, B., G. Mowat, A. Hamilton and I. Hatter. 2016. Sustainability of the grizzly bear hunt in British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Wildlife Management 81:218-229.

2011 to 2015:

2013:

  • Apps, C.D., B.N. McLellan, T.A. Kinley, R. Serrouya, D.R. Seip, and H.U. Wittmer. 2013. Spatial factors related to mortality and population decline of endangered mountain caribou. J. Wildl. Manage. [online 6 Aug 2013]
  • Miller, S.D., B.N. McLellan, and A.E. Derocher. 2013. Conservation and management of large carnivores in North America. Int. J. Environ. Stud. 70(3):383-398.

2012:

  • Mace, R., D.W. Carney, T. Chilton-Radandt, S.A. Courville, M.A. Haroldson, R.B. Harris, J. Jonkel, B. McLellan, M. Madel, T.L. Manley, C.C. Schwartz, C. Servheen, G. Stenhouse, J.S. Waller, and E. Wenum. 2012. Grizzly bear population vital rates and trend in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem, Montana. J. Wildl. Manage. 76(1):119-128
  • Proctor, M.F., D. Paetkau, B.N. McLellan, G.B. Stenhouse, K.C. Kendall, R. Mace, W.F. Kasworm, C. Servheen, C.L. Lausen, M.L. Gibeau, W.L. Wakkinen, M.A. Haroldson, G. Mowat, C.D. Apps, L.M. Ciarniello, R.M.R. Barclay, M.S. Boyce, C.C. Schwartz, and C. Strobeck. 2012. Population fragmentation and inter-ecosystem movements of grizzly bears in western Canada and the northern United States. Wildlife Monographs 180(1):1-46.
  • Serrouya, R., D. Paetkau, B.N. McLellan, S. Boutin, M. Campbell, and D.A. Jenkins. 2012. Population size and major valleys explain microsatellite variation better than taxonomic units for caribou in western Canada. Molecular Ecology 21(11): 2588-2601
  • McLellan, M.L., R. Serrouya, B.N. McLellan, K. Furk, D.C. Heard, and H.U. Wittmer. 2012. Implications of body condition on the unsustainable predation rates of endangered mountain caribou. Oecologia [online first]

2011:

2006 to 2010:

2010:

  • Wittmer, H.U., R.N.M. Ahrens, and B.N. McLellan. 2010. Viability of mountain caribou in British Columbia, Canada: Effects of habitat change and population density. Biol. Conserv. 143(1):86-93.
  • Proctor, M., B. McLellan, J. Boulanger, C. Apps, G. Stenhouse, D. Paetkau, and G. Mowat. 2010. Ecological investigations of grizzly bears in Canada using DNA from hair, 1995-2005: a review of methods and progress. Ursus 21(2):169-188
  • McLellan, B.N., R. Serrouya, H.U. Wittmer, and S. Boutin. 2010. Predator-mediated Allee effects in multi-prey systems. Ecology 91(1):286-292

2008:

  • Munro, R., B. McLellan, and C. Apps. 2008. Implications of forest management in response to the 1970s mountain pine beetle infestation on grizzly bears in the Flathead Drainage. In: Mountain Pine Beetle: From Lessons Learned to Community-based Solutions Conference Proceedings, June 10-11, 2008. BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management 9(3):129-132. 

2007:

  • Wittmer, H.U., B.N. McLellan, R. Serrouya, and C.D. Apps. 2007. Changes in landscape composition influence the decline of a threatened woodland caribou population. J. Anim. Ecol. 76(3):568-579.
  • Serrouya, R., B.N. McLellan, and J.P. Flaa. 2007. Scale-dependent microhabitat selection by threatened mountain caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in cedar-hemlock forests during winter. Can. J. For. Res. 37(6):1082-1092.
  • Kinley, T.A., T. Goward, B.N. McLellan, and R. Serrouya. 2007. The influence of variable snowpacks on habitat use by mountain caribou. Rangifer, Special Issue 17:93-102 

2006:

2000 to 2005:

2005:

  • McLellan, B.N. 2005. Sexually selected infanticide in grizzly bears: the effects of hunting on cub survival. Ursus 16(2):141-156.
  • Woods, J.G. and B.N. McLellan. 2005. Relocating 'Problem' Bears: Does it Work?. In Columbia Mountains Institute of Applied Ecology (editor). Presentation summaries from Creating Bear Smart Communities Workshop, Nov. 2-3, 2005, Revelstoke, BC. pp. 3. 
  • Wittmer, H.U., B.N. McLellan, D.R. Seip, J.A. Young, T.A. Kinley, G.S. Watts, and D. Hamilton. 2005. Population dynamics of the endangered mountain ecotype of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in British Columbia, Canada. Can. J. Zool. 83(3):407-418.
  • Wittmer, H.U., A.R.E. Sinclair, and B.N. McLellan. 2005. The role of predation in the decline and extirpation of woodland caribou. Oecologia 144(2):257-267. 

2004:

  • Proctor, M.F., B.N. McLellan, C. Strobeck, and R.M.R. Barclay. 2004. Gender-specific dispersal distances of grizzly bears estimated by genetic analysis. Can. J. Zool. 82(7):1108-1118.
  • Apps, C.D., B.N. McLellan, J.G. Woods, and M.F. Proctor. 2004. Estimating Grizzly Bear Distribution and Abundance Relative to Habitat and Human Influence. J. Wildl. Manage. 68(1):138-152.

2003:

  • Schwartz, C.C., K.A. Keating, H.V. Reynolds III, V.G. Barnes Jr., R.A. Sellers, J.E. Swenson, S.D. Miller, B.N. McLellan, J. Keay, R. McCann, M. Gibeau, W. Wakkinen, R. Mace, W. Kasworm, R. Smith, and S. Herrero. 2003. Reproductive maturation and senescence in the female brown bear. Ursus 14(2):109-119.

2002:

  • Boulanger, J., G.C. White, B.N. McLellan, J. Woods, M.F. Proctor, and S. Himmer. 2002. A meta-analysis of grizzly bear DNA mark-recapture projects in British Columbia, Canada. Ursus 13:137-152.
  • Gibeau, M.L., S. Herrero, B.N. McLellan, and J. Woods. 2002. Managing for grizzly bear security areas in Banff National Park and the central Canadian Rocky Mountains. Ursus 12:121-130. 
  • McLellan, B. 2002. Biology of Mountain Caribou. In Columbia Mountains Institute of Applied Ecology (editor). Presentation summaries from the Mountain Caribou in 21st Century Ecosystems Workshop, Oct. 16-18, 2002, Revelstoke, BC. pp. 7.
  • McLellan, B. 2002. Recreation and Caribou: What Do We Know About the Effects of Recreation on Caribou?. In Columbia Mountains Institute of Applied Ecology (editor). Presentation summaries from the Mountain Caribou in 21st Century Ecosystems Workshop, Oct. 16-18, 2002, Revelstoke, BC. pp. 42. 
  • Proctor, M.F., B.N. McLellan, and C. Strobeck. 2002. Population fragmentation of grizzly bears in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. Ursus 13:153-160.

2001:

  • Stevenson, S.K., H.M. Armleder, M.J. Jull, D.G. King, B.N. McLellan, and D.S. Coxson. 2001. Mountain Caribou in Managed Forests: Recommendations for Managers - Second Edition. Min. Env., Lands, and Parks, Victoria, B.C., Wildl. Rep. R-26. 71 p.
  • Apps, C.D., B.N. McLellan, T.A. Kinley, and J.P. Flaa. 2001. Scale-dependent habitat selection by mountain caribou in the Columbia Mountains, British Columbia. J. Wildl. Manage. 65(1):65-77.
  • Boulanger, J. and B. McLellan. 2001. Closure Violation in DNA-based mark-recapture estimation of grizzly bear populations. Can. J. Zool. 79(4):642-651.
  • Boulanger, J. and B. McLellan. 2001. Corrigendum: Closure violation in DNA-based mark-recapture estimation of grizzly bear populations. Can. J. Zool. 79(8):1532.
  • McLellan, B.N. and F.W. Hovey. 2001. Habitats selected by grizzly bears in a multiple-use landscape. J. Wildl. Manage. 65(1):92-99.
  • McLellan, B.N. and F.W. Hovey. 2001. Natal dispersal of grizzly bears. Can. J. Zool. 79(5):838-844.

2000:

  • Flaa, J.P. and B.N. McLellan. 2000. Population characteristics of the Lake Revelstoke caribou. Pages 639-642. In At Risk: Proceedings of a Conference on the Biology and Management of Species and Habitats at Risk. February 15-19, 1999, Kamloops, British Columbia. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
  • Apps, C.D., B.N. McLellan, and J.P. Flaa. 2000. Multivariate habitat modelling for mountain caribou in the Columbia Mountains, British Columbia. Page 653. In At Risk: Proceedings of a Conference on the Biology and Management of Species and Habitats at Risk. February 15-19, 1999, Kamloops, British Columbia. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
  • Woods, J.G. and B. McLellan. 2000. West Slopes Bear Research Project. In Columbia Mountains Institute of Applied Ecology (editor). Presentation summaries from CMI Annual Researchers' Meeting 2000, April 27, 2000. Revelstoke, BC. pp. 3-4.
  • Terry, E.L., B.N. McLellan, and G.S. Watts. 2000. Winter habitat ecology of mountain caribou in relation to forest management. J. Appl. Ecol. 37(4):589-602.
  • Ramcharita, R., B. McLellan, and F. Bunnell. 2000. Grizzly Bear Use of Avalanche Chutes in the Columbia Mountains of British Columbia: Ecology and Implications For Management. In Columbia Mountains Institute of Applied Ecology (editor). Presentation summaries from Managing Bears in Forested Environments Workshop, Oct. 17-19, 2000. Revelstoke, BC. pp. 16. 
  • Hobson, K.A., B.N. McLellan, and J.G. Woods. 2000. Using stable-carbon (d13C) and nitrogen (d15N) isotopes to infer trophic relationships among black (Ursus americanus) and grizzly (Ursus arctos) bears inhabiting in Upper Columbia River Basin, British Columbia. Can. J. Zool. 78(8):1332-1339.
  • McLellan, B.N., F.W. Hovey, and J.G. Woods. 2000. Rates and causes of grizzly bear mortality in the interior mountains of western North America. Pages 673-678. In At Risk: Proceedings of a Conference on the Biology and Management of Species and Habitats at Risk. February 15-19, 1999, Kamloops, British Columbia. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.

1999 and earlier:

1999:

  • McLellan, B.N., F.W. Hovey, R. Mace, J.G. Woods, D.W. Carney, M.L. Gibeau, W.L. Wakkinen, and W.F. Kasworm. 1999. Rates and causes of grizzly bear mortality in the interior mountains of British Columbia, Alberta, Montana, Washington and Idaho. J. Wildl. Manage. 63(3):911-920.
  • Woods, J.G., D. Paetkau, D. Lewis, B.N. McLellan, M. Proctor, and C. Strobeck. 1999. Genetic tagging free-ranging black and brown bears. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27(3):616-627.
  • McLellan, B.N. 1999. Importance of Lichen to Caribou and Other Wildlife - Mountain Caribou Foraging Strategies. In Columbia Mountains Institute of Applied Ecology (editor). Presentation summaries for Managing Forests for Lichen: the Mountain Caribou Issue Workship, Sept. 29-30, 1999. Revelstoke, BC. pp. 3. 
  • McLellan, B.N. and V.A. Banci. 1999. Status and management of the brown bear in Canada. pp. 46-50 In Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. S. Servheen, C. Herrero, and B. Peyton, (editors). IUCN Publication Services Unit. Cambridge, U.K. 

1998:

  • McLellan, B.N. 1998. Maintaining viability of brown bears along the southern fringe of their distribution. Ursus 10:607-611.

1997:

1996:

  • Hovey, F.W. and B.N. McLellan. 1996. Estimating population growth of grizzly bears from the Flathead River drainage using computer simulations of reproduction and survival rates. Can. J. Zool. 74(8):1409-1416.
  • Terry, E., B. McLellan, G. Watts, and J. Flaa. 1996. Early Winter Habitat Use by Mountain Caribou in the North Cariboo and Columbia Mountains, British Columbia. Rangifer, Special Issue 9:133-140. 

1995:

  • McLellan, B.N. and F.W. Hovey. 1995. The diet of grizzly bears in the Flathead Drainage of southeastern British Columbia. Can. J. Zool. 73(4):704-712.

1994:

  • McLellan, B.N. 1994. Density dependent population regulation of brown bears. In: Density dependent population regulation in black, brown and polar bears. M. Taylor (editor). Int. Conf. Bear Res. and Manag. Monogr. Series No. 3. pp.15-24.
  • McLellan, B.N. and D. Reiner. 1994. A review of bear evolution. Int. Conf. Bear Res. Manage. 9(1):85-96.
  • Stevenson, S.K., H.M. Armleder, M.J. Jull, D.G. King, E.L. Terry, G.S. Watts, B.N. McLellan, and K.N. Child. 1994. Mountain caribou in managed forests: preliminary recommendations for managers. B.C. Min, For., Victoria, B.C.

1993:

  • McLellan, B.N. 1993. A summary of the discussion on the natural regulation of black bears. In: Proc. of the Fourth Western Black Bear Workshop. J.A. Keay. (editor). USDA. Tech. Rep. NPS/NRWR-93/12. pp. 117-120.
  • McLellan, B.N. 1993. Competition between black and grizzly bears as a natural population regulating factor. In: Proc. of the Fourth Western Black Bear Workshop. J.A. Keay. (editor). USDA. Tech. Rep. NPS/NRWR-93/12. pp. 111-116.
  • McLellan, B.N. and F.W. Hovey. 1993. Development and preliminary results of partial-cut timber harvesting in a riparian area to maintain grizzly bear spring habitat values. p. 107-118 In Proceedings of Riparian Habitat Management and Research Symposium. May 4-5. Kamloops, B.C. K.H. Morgan and M.A. Lashmar. (editors).

1992:

  • Simpson, K. and B.N. McLellan. 1992. Wildlife habitat inventory and management planning in the Mount Revelstoke and Glacier National Parks. In: Grizzly Bear Management Workshop Proceedings. March 20-21, 1991, Revelstoke, B.C. R.K. McCann. (editor). pp. 63-66.
  • McLellan, B.N. 1992. Current status and long term threats to grizzly bears in British Columbia. In: Community Action for Endangered Species. September 28-29, 1991, Vancouver, B.C. S. Rautio. (editor). pp. 111-122.
  • McLellan, B.N. 1992. Relationships between resource extraction industries and grizzly bears in the Flathead Drainage. In: Grizzly Bear Management Workshop Proceedings. March 20-21, 1991, Revelstoke, B.C. R.K. McCann. (editor). pp. 49-56.

1991:

  • McLellan, B.N. 1991. Relationship between timber management and grizzly bears. In: Forestry-Wildlife Symposium. March 6-8 1990,. Prince George, B.C. pp. 77-84. 
  • McLellan, B.N. and J.D. Martin. 1991. Managing forest access roads to meet wildlife and fisheries objectives. In: Wildlife and Forestry: Towards a Working Partnership. October 7-10, 1991, Jasper, Alta. J. Martel. (editor). WILDFOR 91. p. 59-62.

1990:

  • McLellan, B.N. 1990. Relationships between human industrial activity and grizzly bears. Int. Conf. Bear Res. Manage. 8:57-64.

1989:

  • McLellan, B.N. 1989. Dynamics of a grizzly bear population during a period of industrial resource extraction. I. Density and age-sex composition. Can. J. Zool. 67(8):1856-1860.
  • McLellan, B.N. 1989. Dynamics of a grizzly bear population during a period of industrial resource extraction. II. Mortality rates and causes of death. Can. J. Zool. 67(8):1861-1864.
  • McLellan, B.N. 1989. Dynamics of a grizzly bear population during a period of industrial resource extraction. III. Natality and rate of increase. Can. J. Zool. 67(8):1865-1868.
  • McLellan, B.N. 1989. Effects of resource extraction industries on behaviour and population dynamics of grizzly bears in the Flathead drainage, British Columbia and Montana. PhD Thesis. Univ. B.C., Vancouver, B.C.
  • McLellan, B.N. and D.M. Shackleton. 1989. Grizzly bears and resource extraction industries: habitat displacement in response to seismic exploration, timber harvesting and road maintenance. J. Appl. Ecol. 26(2):371-380.
  • McLellan, B.N. and D.M. Shackleton. 1989. Immediate reactions of grizzly bears to human activities. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 17(3):269-274.

1988:

  • McLellan, B.N. and D.M. Shackleton. 1988. A comparison of grizzly bear harvest data from Montana and southeastern British Columbia. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 16(4):371-375.
  • McLellan, B.N. and D.M. Shackleton. 1988. Grizzly bears and resource extraction industries: effects of roads on behaviour, habitat use and demography. J. Appl. Ecol. 25(2):451-460.

1986:

  • McLellan, B.N. 1986. Use-availability analysis and timber selection by grizzly bears. In: Proc. Grizzly Bear Habitat Symposium. G.P. Contreras and K.E. Evans (editors). USDA For. Serv. Intermountain Res. Sta. Ogden, Utah. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-207. pp. 163-166.

1980: