Understand the different types of child care in B.C.
Last updated on August 28, 2024B.C. has 4 different types of child care: licensed, registered licence-not-required, licence-not-required and in-child's-own home.
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Licensed care
Licensed child care facilities are monitored and regularly inspected by regional health authorities. They must meet specific requirements for health and safety, staffing qualifications, record keeping, space and equipment, child-to-staff ratios, and programming.
- Inspection reports for licensed facilities
- Community Care and Assisted Living Act
- Child Care Licensing Regulation
Licensed care by age group
Group child care – Under 3 years old
Ages: From birth to 36 months
Maximum group size: 12 children
Child-to-staff ratio:
- 1 to 4 children: 1 Infant Toddler Educator
- 5 to 8 children: 1 Infant Toddler Educator and 1 Early Childhood Educator
- 9 to 12 children: 1 Infant Toddler Educator, 1 Early Childhood Educator and 1 Early Childhood Educator Assistant
Staff qualifications:
- Infant Toddler Educator Certificate (approximately 1300 hours of training)
- Early Childhood Educator Certificate (approximately 900 hours of training)
- Early Childhood Educator Assistant Certificate (completed one early childhood education course)
Setting: A community-based facility or centre
Group child care – 2.5 years old to school age
Ages: From 30 months to school age (Kindergarten)
Maximum group size: 25 children
Child-to-staff ratio:
- 1 to 8 children: 1 Early Childhood Educator
- 9 to 16 children: 1 Early Childhood Educator and 1 Early Childhood Educator Assistant
- 17 to 25 children: 1 Early Childhood Educator and 2 Early Childhood Educator Assistants
Staff qualifications:
- Early Childhood Educator Certificate (approximately 900 hours of training)
- Early Childhood Educator Assistant Certificate (completed one early childhood education course)
Setting: A community-based facility or centre
Group child care – School age (before-and-after school care)
Ages: School age (Kindergarten and up)
Maximum group size: 24 children from Kindergarten and Grade 1 OR 30 children from Grade 2 and older with no Kindergarten or Grade 1 children present
Staff-to-child ratio:
- 1 responsible adult for each 12 children from Kindergarten and Grade 1
- 1 responsible adult for each 15 children from Grade 2 and older
Staff qualifications: Responsible adults must be 19 years of age or older and able to provide care and mature guidance to children. Must also have 20 hours of child care-related training, relevant work experience, a valid first aid certificate and a clear criminal record check
Setting: A community-based facility or centre
School Age Care on school grounds
Ages: School age (Kindergarten and up)
Maximum group size: 24 children from Kindergarten and Grade 1 OR 30 children from Grade 2 and older with no Kindergarten or Grade 1 children present
Staff-to-child ratio:
- 1 responsible adult for each 12 children from Kindergarten and Grade 1
- 1 responsible adult for each 15 children from Grade 2 and older
Staff qualifications: Responsible adults must be 19 years of age or older and able to provide care and mature guidance to children. Must also have 20 hours of child care-related training, relevant work experience, a valid first aid certificate and a clear criminal record check.
Setting: School grounds
Multi-age child care
Ages: From birth to 12 years old
Maximum group size: 8 children
Staff-to-child ratio: 1 Early Childhood Educator for 8 children
Staff qualifications: Early Childhood Educator Certificate (approximately 900 hours of training)
Setting: A community-based facility or centre
In-home multi-age child care
Ages: From birth to 12 years old
Maximum group size: 8 children
Staff-to-child ratio: 1 Early Childhood Educator (who is also the licensee) for 8 children
Staff qualifications: Early Childhood Educator Certificate (approximately 900 hours of training)
Setting: In the child care provider's own home
Family child care
Ages: From birth to 12 years old
Maximum group size: 7 children
Staff-to-child ratio: 1 responsible adult (who is also the licensee) for 7 children
Staff qualifications: Must be 19 years of age or older and able to provide care and mature guidance to children. Must also have 20 hours of child care-related training, relevant work experience, a valid first aid certificate and a clear criminal record check
Setting: In the child care provider's own home
Preschools typically operate on the school-year (September to June). Most preschool programs run from one to four hours a day (some programs can run longer).
Ages: From 2.5 years (30 months) to school age (Kindergarten)
Maximum group size: 20 children
Child-to-staff ratio:
- 1 to 10 children: 1 Early Childhood Educator
- 11 to 20 children: 1 Early Childhood Educator and 1 Early Childhood Educator Assistant
Staff qualifications:
- Early Childhood Educator Certificate (approximately 900 hours of training)
- Early Childhood Educator Assistant Certificate (completed one early childhood education course)
Setting: A community-based facility or centre
Occasional child care
This is drop-in child care that can be for a maximum of 8 hours a day and no more than 40 hours per calendar month.
Ages: 18 months old and up
Maximum group size: 16 children (if children under 36 months are present) OR 20 children (if no children under 36 months are present)
Staff to child ratio:
- 1 responsible adult for every 4 children (if children under 36 months are present)
- 1 responsible adult for every 8 children (if no children under 36 months are present)
Staff qualifications: Must be 19 years of age or older and able to provide care and mature guidance to children. Must also have 20 hours of child care-related training, relevant work experience, a valid first aid certificate and a clear criminal record check
Setting: A community-based facility or centre
Recreational care
Ages: School age (kindergarten and up)
Maximum group size: No maximum, as long as usable floor area of a space used for activity is sufficient to ensure the health and safety of children participating in the activity.
Staff-to-child ratio:
- 1 responsible adult for each 12 children from Kindergarten and Grade 1
- 1 responsible adult for each 15 children from Grade 2 and older
Staff qualifications: Responsible adults must be 19 years of age or older and able to provide care and mature guidance to children. Must also have 20 hours of child care-related training, relevant work experience, a valid first aid certificate and a clear criminal record check.
Setting: Indoor facilities other than a single family dwelling house or outdoor settings such as public parks.
Registered licence-not-required
These are unlicensed care providers. They must have registered with a Child Care Resource and Referral Centre.
To register, operators must have completed:
- Criminal record checks (for everyone over age 12 living in the home)
- Character references
- A home safety assessment
- First aid training
- Child care training courses or workshops
Registered care providers also have access to support, training, resources and group liability insurance.
Registered licence-not-required child care
Ages: From birth to (and including) age 12
Maximum group size: Only two children or a sibling group who are not related to them
Staff-to-child ratio: 1 responsible adult per 2 children (or sibling group) per premises
Staff qualifications: A responsible adult must be 19 years of age or older and able to provide care and mature guidance to children. They must also have 20 hours of child care-related training, relevant work experience, a valid first aid certificate and a clear criminal record check
Setting: In the child care provider's own home
Licence-not-required
These child care providers can operate legally in B.C. They are not registered or licensed and are not monitored or inspected. Unlicensed child care providers do not have to meet health or safety standards.
Legally, the child care providers can care for up to two children (or a sibling group) who are not related to them. They may be operating illegally if they have more than two children in their care.
Parents and guardians are responsible for overseeing the care and safety of their children in these care arrangements.
Unregistered (licence-not-required) child care
Ages: From birth to any age
Maximum group size: Only two children or a sibling group who are not related to them
Staff-to-child ratio: 1 adult per 2 children (or sibling group) per premises
Staff qualifications: No qualifications are required – this type of child care provider may or may not have had formal child care training or previous child care experience
Setting: In the child care provider's own home
In-child's-own-home
This unlicensed care is when parents arrange for child care at home – like a nanny or a baby-sitter.
Children from other families cannot be included in this care. The care provider cannot be a relative who lives in the home.
It is not legally required to monitor this care. No specific qualifications are required for the child care provider. This means the child care provider may lack formal child care training or experience.
Parents or guardians must decide how to screen and hire the child care provider who becomes their employee. Under this arrangement, the employer needs to:
- Make regular payments to Employment Insurance and Canada Pension Plan
- Register the employment situation with Revenue Canada and WorkSafeBC